by reason of 由于
because that 因为（古旧用法）
due to 由于
on account of 因为
for the reason that 因为
because of 由于
owing to 由于
as a result of 因为
1. He was excused by reason that he was ill.
他因生病而被免除责任。
2. The request was denied by reason that it was incomplete.
由于申请不完整，该请求被拒绝。
3. She was absent by reason that she had to attend a meeting.
她因要参加会议而缺席。
4. The case was dismissed by reason that there was insufficient evidence.
由于证据不足，该案件被驳回。
A: Why was his application rejected?
A：他的申请为什么被拒绝？
B: It was rejected by reason that some documents were missing.
B：由于缺少一些文件，所以被拒绝了。
1) 正式表达“由于……原因”
2) 常用于法律或书面语解释原因
3) 等同于“because of / due to”的正式替换
4) 引导原因状语从句
1. 用于正式语境，表示由于某种原因
e.g.He was excused by reason that he was sick.
他因生病被免除。
2. 引出解释或理由的连词短语
e.g.The claim was denied by reason that it lacked evidence.
该请求因缺乏证据被拒绝。
3. 常见于法律或正式文件中
e.g.The contract was void by reason that it was unlawful.
合同因违法而无效。
conjunction phrase
1. A formal phrase used to introduce the cause or reason for something, meaning “because” or “due to the fact that”.
Synonym: because, due to, owing to