1. 贫困, 贫穷：sultry 闷热的, 风骚的 | penury 贫困, 贫穷 | tenuous 稀薄的

2. 贫困：penurious 吝啬的 | penury 贫困 | penwiper 拭笔具

3. 贫穷：patricide#杀父者 | penury#贫穷 | perjury#伪证

4. 拮据：peninsula 半岛 | penury 拮据 | persecute 迫害

1. 赤贫
Penury is the state of being extremely poor.

e.g. He was brought up in penury, without education.
他从小一贫如洗，没有受过教育。

noun

1. a state of extreme poverty or destitution

e.g. their indigence appalled him
a general state of need exists among the homeless

Synonym: indigenceneedpauperismpauperization